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Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Sep 2015Evidence points to an important role of estradiol (E2) in the regulation of body composition and bioenergetics. Basic and preclinical research shows that the disruption... (Review)
Review
Evidence points to an important role of estradiol (E2) in the regulation of body composition and bioenergetics. Basic and preclinical research shows that the disruption of E2 signaling through either genetic manipulation or surgical intervention accelerates fat accumulation, with a disproportionate increase in abdominal fat. Clinical evidence for the regulation of body composition and bioenergetics by E2 is less consistent. Evidence exists both for and against menopause as the mediator of changes in body composition. Thus, a need remains to better understand the metabolic actions of estrogens in women and the potential impact on health after the menopause.
Topics: Body Composition; Energy Metabolism; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Menopause
PubMed: 26316249
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2015.05.011 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Sep 2022Obesity as depicted by changes in the body composition is considered a global epidemic of the 21st century, predisposing to cardiometabolic diseases. This analytical...
Obesity as depicted by changes in the body composition is considered a global epidemic of the 21st century, predisposing to cardiometabolic diseases. This analytical cross-sectional study evaluated body composition parameters in both genders and conducted an obesity analysis of healthy adult Pakistani population. Using non-probability purposive sampling technique, data was collected from 205 healthy adults (aged 18-45 years), who had not been participating in any structured exercise or dietary regime over the last six months. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analyser. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-test and one-sample T-test were applied. The mean body mass index was 24.3±4.93 kg/m2. Body composition components which were significantly higher in males included soft lean mass, fat-free mass index, skeletal muscle mass index and bone mineral content, whereas females had significantly higher percentage of body fat (PBF), visceral fat area and fat mass index (p<0.05). For obesity analysis, the mean PBF (34.61±9.68%) of our sample was higher than White, Hispanics and European adults. Majority of healthy adults had greater body fat mass and lower skeletal muscle mass. The primary obesity index was significantly higher in Pakistani population compared to other ethnicities, with females exhibiting a higher trend towards obesity.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adipose Tissue; Body Composition; Obesity; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 36280990
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.4673 -
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2016The estimation of the risk of poor tolerance and overdose of antineoplastic agents protocols represents a major challenge in oncology, particularly in older patients. We... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The estimation of the risk of poor tolerance and overdose of antineoplastic agents protocols represents a major challenge in oncology, particularly in older patients. We hypothesize that age-related modifications of body composition (i.e. increased fat mass and decreased lean mass) may significantly affect tolerance to chemotherapy.
METHOD
We conducted a systematic review for the last 25 years (between 1990 and 2015), using US National library of Medicine Medline electronic bibliographic database and Embase database of cohorts or clinical trials exploring (i) the interactions of body composition (assessed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry, Bioelectrical Impedance Analyses, or Computerized Tomography) with pharmacokinetics parameters, (ii) the tolerance to chemotherapy, and (iii) the consequences of chemotherapies or targeted therapies on body composition.
RESULTS
Our search identified 1504 articles. After a selection (using pre-established criteria) on titles and abstract, 24 original articles were selected with 3 domains of interest: impact of body composition on pharmacokinetics (7 articles), relationship between body composition and chemotoxicity (14 articles), and effect of anti-cancer chemotherapy on body composition (11 articles). The selected studies suggested that pharmacokinetic was influenced by lean mass, that lower lean mass could be correlated with toxicity, and that sarcopenic patients experienced more toxicities that non-sarcopenic patients. Regarding fat mass, results were less conclusive. No studies specifically explored the topic of body composition in older cancer patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Plausible pathophysiological pathways linking body composition, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics are sustained by the actual review. However, despite the growing number of older cancer patients, our review highlighted the lack of specific studies in the field of anti-neoplastic agents toxicity regarding body composition conducted in elderly.
Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Body Composition; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms
PubMed: 27709238
DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0653-2 -
The International Journal of Eating... Nov 2019Clinically, anorexia nervosa (AN) presents with altered body composition. We quantified these alterations and evaluated their relationships with metabolites and hormones... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Clinically, anorexia nervosa (AN) presents with altered body composition. We quantified these alterations and evaluated their relationships with metabolites and hormones in patients with AN longitudinally.
METHOD
In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we conducted 94 meta-analyses on 62 samples published during 1996-2019, comparing up to 2,319 pretreatment, posttreatment, and weight-recovered female patients with AN with up to 1,879 controls. Primary outcomes were fat mass, fat-free mass, body fat percentage, and their regional distribution. Secondary outcomes were bone mineral density, metabolites, and hormones. Meta-regressions examined relationships among those measures and moderators.
RESULTS
Pretreatment female patients with AN evidenced 50% lower fat mass (mean difference [MD]: -8.80 kg, 95% CI: -9.81, -7.79, Q = 1.01 × 10 ) and 4.98 kg (95% CI: -5.85, -4.12, Q = 1.99 × 10 ) lower fat-free mass, with fat mass preferentially stored in the trunk region during early weight restoration (4.2%, 95% CI: -2.1, -6.2, Q = 2.30 × 10 ). While the majority of traits returned to levels seen in healthy controls after weight restoration, fat-free mass (MD: -1.27 kg, 95% CI: -1.79, -0.75, Q = 5.49 × 10 ) and bone mineral density (MD: -0.10 kg, 95% CI: -0.18, -0.03, Q = 0.01) remained significantly altered.
DISCUSSION
Body composition is markedly altered in AN, warranting research into these phenotypes as clinical risk or relapse predictors. Notably, the long-term altered levels of fat-free mass and bone mineral density suggest that these parameters should be investigated as potential AN trait markers.
RESUMENOBJETIVO
Clínicamente, la anorexia nervosa (AN) se presenta con alteraciones en la composición corporal. Cuantificamos estas alteraciones y evaluamos longitudinalmente su relación con metabolitos y hormonas en pacientes con AN. MÉTODO: De acuerdo con las pautas PRISMA, realizamos 94 meta-análisis en 62 muestras publicadas entre 1996-2019, comparando hasta 2,319 pacientes mujeres en pre-tratamiento, post-tratamiento, y recuperadas en base al peso con hasta 1,879 controles. Las principales medidas fueron masa grasa, masa libre de grasa, porcentaje de grasa corporal y su distribución regional. Las medidas secundarias fueron densidad mineral ósea, metabolitos y hormonas. Las meta-regresiones examinaron las relaciones entre esas medidas y moderadores.
RESULTADOS
Las pacientes femeninas con AN pre-tratamiento mostraron un 50% menos de masa grasa (MD: -8.80 kg, CI 95%: -9.81, -7.79, Q = 1.01 × 10 ) y 4.98 kg (CI 95%: -5.85, -4.12, Q = 1.99 × 10 ) menos de masa libre de grasa, con masa grasa preferentemente almacenada en la región del tronco durante la recuperación temprana del peso (4.2%, CI 95%: -2.1, -6.2, Q = 2.30 × 10 ). Aunque la mayoría de los rasgos regresaron a los niveles vistos en los controles sanos después de la restauración del peso, la masa libre de grasa (MD: -1.27 kg, CI 95%: -1.79, -0.75, Q = 5.49 × 10 ) y la densidad mineral ósea (MD: -0.10 kg, CI 95%: -0.18, -0.03, Q = 0.01) permanecieron significativamente alteradas. DISCUSIÓN: La composición corporal es marcadamente alterada en la AN, lo que garantiza la investigación en estos fenotipos como predictores de riesgo clínico o de recaída. Notablemente, la alteración a largo plazo de los niveles de masa libre de grasa y densidad mineral ósea sugieren que estos parámetros debe ser investigados como potenciales rasgos indicadores de AN.
Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Body Composition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 31512774
DOI: 10.1002/eat.23158 -
Pediatric Research May 2022Associations among body composition measures have been limited to cross-sectional analyses of different subjects. We identified cross-sectional relationships between...
BACKGROUND
Associations among body composition measures have been limited to cross-sectional analyses of different subjects. We identified cross-sectional relationships between body mass index (BMI) and other body composition measures and predicted body composition measures from BMI throughout childhood and adolescence.
METHODS
BMI was calculated and % body fat (%BF), fat mass index (FMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at ages 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 years in a birth cohort (n = 629). Sex-specific body composition measures were calculated for BMI-for-age percentiles; associations between BMI and body composition measures were characterized; and body composition measures were predicted from BMI.
RESULTS
%BF, FMI, and FFMI generally increased with BMI-for-age percentiles at each age. Correlations between BMI and %BF or FMI were generally higher at BMI-for-age percentiles ≥95% than for lower BMI-for-age percentiles. Correlations between BMI and FFMI were generally higher for participants at very low and very high BMI-for-age percentiles than at moderate BMI-for-age percentiles. Age- and sex-specific predictions from BMI are provided for %BF, FM, and FFMI.
CONCLUSIONS
Sex-specific body composition measures throughout childhood and adolescence are presented. BMI is a better indicator of adiposity at higher than at lower BMI values.
IMPACT
Sex-specific body composition measures throughout childhood and adolescence are described. % BF, FMI, and FFMI generally increased with BMI-for-age percentiles for both sexes throughout childhood and adolescence. BMI is a better indicator of adiposity at higher BMI levels than at lower BMI values throughout childhood and adolescence.
Topics: Adiposity; Adolescent; Birth Cohort; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity
PubMed: 33972687
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01562-y -
Biomedical Papers of the Medical... Mar 2022Testicular cancer is associated with excellent prognosis and cure is achieved in most patients with advanced cancer treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However,...
BACKGROUND
Testicular cancer is associated with excellent prognosis and cure is achieved in most patients with advanced cancer treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, testicular cancer survivors are at increased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis, which significantly contributes to their late morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerosis is associated with a higher proportion of fat mass and especially with increased amount of visceral fat. We explored the effects of cisplatin-based chemotherapy on body composition during and after the treatment.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We studied 30 testicular cancer patients before chemotherapy, after the second cycle of chemotherapy and three months after the end of chemotherapy. Body composition parameters were evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
RESULTS
Three months after the end of chemotherapy the fat mass had increased from 22.04±7.15% to 23.92±7.33% (P=0.026) and visceral fat volume had increased by 17% from 2.36±1.75l to 2.77±1.94l (P=0.013). In the whole sample there was a decrease in muscle mass after the second cycle of chemotherapy (-1.33 ± 2 kg on average; P=0.005). The changes in body composition varied according to distinct baseline fat mass.
CONCLUSION
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy was associated with increase of fat mass, visceral fat, and body mass index. We also observed decrease in muscle mass and total body water. Our results suggest that BIA could help to target preventative measures to avert the acceleration of atherosclerosis in patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Topics: Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Cisplatin; Electric Impedance; Humans; Male; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 33325458
DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.058 -
BMC Pediatrics May 2022The aim of this study was to assess the associations of body fat distribution and lean body mass (LBM) with blood pressure (BP) in normal-weight Chinese children and...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to assess the associations of body fat distribution and lean body mass (LBM) with blood pressure (BP) in normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents.
METHODS
A total of 898 normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents, aged 10-18 years, were included this cross-sectional study via a cluster sampling method. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body composition. The participants were measured for blood pressure (BP) using a calibrated electronic sphygmomanometer according to the standard method by the "American Hypertension Education Project Working Group".
RESULTS
Body composition was related to abnormal BP in normal-weight children and adolescents. After the model adjusted for age, smoking, and drinking, regression analysis showed that fat mass percentage (FMP) was negatively associated with abnormal BP, while LBM was positively associated with abnormal BP in boys(P < 0.05). Whereas FMP and visceral fat level (VFL) were positively associated with abnormal BP in girls (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
There are sex differences in the relationships between total body fat, visceral fat and lean body mass with abnormal BP in normal-weight youths. Therefore, it is of great significance to pay attention to the relative influence of the body composition of the boys and girls in the prevention and treatment of hypertension in youths.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Child; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male
PubMed: 35501836
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03289-z -
PloS One 2022Rink hockey is a highly specialized and physiological demanding sport with sparse research regarding the game and athletes' characteristics. A cross-sectional study was...
Rink hockey is a highly specialized and physiological demanding sport with sparse research regarding the game and athletes' characteristics. A cross-sectional study was developed to characterize the body composition and grip strength of elite male rink hockey players and to establish the relationship between ethnicity on body composition and grip strength. A sample of 100 elite rink-hockey athletes aged 26.59 ± 6.02 participated in the study, comprised of 69 Caucasian male adults aged 27.58 ± 6.44 years and 31 Black African male adults aged 24.39 ± 4.27. Body composition was assessed by anthropometric measurements. Static grip strength was assessed with an adjustable dynamometer. Multiple regression analysis was applied to understand which variables constraints body fat percentage (BF) and grip strength. Body mass showed an average of 76.36 ± 9.18 kg for 175.80 ± 5.87 cm of height and BF% of 10.82 ± 5.07%. Maximal right grip strength was 50.91 ± 6.26 kg and 50.27 ± 6.23 kg for left grip strength. Four predictors accounted for 70.01% of the variance of BF%: abdominal circumference (p < 0.001), right thigh circumference (p < 0.001), right calf circumference (p = 0.001) and ethnicity (p = 0.016). Three predictors accounted for 13.1% of the variance of right grip strength: ethnicity (p = 0.013), chronological age (p = 0.024) and right distal thigh circumference (p = 0.014). Results suggest that elite rink hockey athletes have a specific anthropometric identity, which at the elite level may lead to reduced body fat and greater handgrip strength. Ethnicity seems to predict body fat and grip strength in elite rink hockey athletes.
Topics: Adult; Body Composition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethnicity; Hand Strength; Hockey; Humans; Male
PubMed: 36137120
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274894 -
Pediatrics and Neonatology Apr 2019Limited research has been conducted that elucidates the growth and body composition of preterm infants. It is known that these infants do not necessarily achieve... (Review)
Review
Limited research has been conducted that elucidates the growth and body composition of preterm infants. It is known that these infants do not necessarily achieve extra-utero growth rates and body composition similar to those of their term counterparts. Preterm infants, who have difficulty in achieving these growth rates, could suffer from growth failure. These infants display an increased intra-abdominal adiposity and abnormal body composition when they achieve catch-up growth. These factors affect the quality of weight gain, as these infants are not only shorter and lighter than term infants, they also have more fat mass (FM) and less fat-free mass (FFM), resulting in a higher total fat percentage. This could cause metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular problems to develop later in a preterm infant's life. The methods used to determine body composition in preterm infants should be simple, quick, non-invasive and inexpensive. Available literature was reviewed and the Dauncey anthropometric model, which includes skinfold thickness at two primary sites and nine body dimensions, is considered in this review the best method to accurately determine body composition in preterm infants, especially in resource-poor countries. It is imperative to accurately assess the quality of growth and body composition of this fragile population in order to determine whether currently prescribed nutritional interventions are beneficial to the overall nutritional status and quality of life-in the short- and long-term-of the preterm infant, and to enable timely implementation of appropriate interventions, if required.
Topics: Body Composition; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Milk, Human; Nutritional Status; Skinfold Thickness; Weight Gain
PubMed: 29239827
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2017.10.007 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Apr 2022This study aimed to explore the correlation between different body components and bone mineral density in healthy adults.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore the correlation between different body components and bone mineral density in healthy adults.
METHODS
A total of 306 non-manual subjects, 161 males and 145 females, were selected from the physical examination center of our hospital from June to September 2019. They were divided into control group, overweight group, and obese group according to body mass index. The muscle mass and fat mass, body fat content, trunk fat mass, upper limb and thigh fat mass, bone density of femoral neck and lumbar vertebra, and bone mineral salt content of the whole body were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
RESULTS
Body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, femoral neck bone mineral density, bone mineral salt content, fat mass, muscle mass, upper limb fat mass, thigh fat mass, and trunk fat mass in the overweight group and obese group were all higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The fat mass, muscle mass, upper limb fat mass, and trunk fat mass were positively correlated with the femoral neck bone mineral density, total lumbar vertebra bone mineral density, and bone mineral salt content (P<0.05). In addition, thigh fat mass was positively correlated with femoral neck bone mineral density and total lumbar spine bone mineral density, whereas body fat content was negatively correlated with bone mineral salt content.
CONCLUSION
Body composition was related to bone mineral density and bone mineral salt content, and the correlation between different body composition indexes, and bone mineral density, and bone mineral salt content was different.
Topics: Adult; Body Composition; Bone Density; Female; Humans; Male; Minerals; Obesity; Overweight
PubMed: 35649065
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210669